Fibroids
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Health Information
Medications
Several different types of drugs can help relieve
the symptoms of fibroids by shrinking the fibroid
and reducing bleeding. These drugs do not, however,
eliminate fibroids, which can re-grow once you
stop taking the medicine. There are also side
effects associated with the drugs that patients
will want to discuss with their doctor.
Progestin, a synthetic version of the female
hormone, progesterone, helps reduce excessive
bleeding caused by fibroids. Since some patients
experience side effects from progestin however,
they are typically only used for a short period
of time. Side effects of progestin include spotting,
weight gain, bloating, mood changes, and depression.
One of the newer and most promising group of
drugs being used to treat fibroid symptoms are
synthetic hormones known as GnRH analogues (gonadotropin-releasing
analogues). Acting like hormones that occur naturally
in our bodies, these "look-alikes" reduce
blood flow to the uterus and in turn to individual
fibroids resulting in a decrease in the overall
size of both the uterus and the fibroid.
GnRH analogues come in either a nasal spray used
twice daily, an intramuscular injection given
every 28 days, or an injection lasting three months.
GnRH analogues work by lowering estrogen levels
and creating a fake menopausal state. This treatment
is particularly useful for patients who have profound
anemia. GnRH analogues are also used in conjunction
with surgery. In addition to shrinking the fibroids,
making them easier to remove, the medication can
also help reduce the pain and bleeding both before
and during surgery.
Although GnRH analogues are effective in many
instances, there are some downsides to consider.
First of all, the effect of GnRH analogues is
temporary. Within four to six months, fibroids
usually return to their original size. And, because
these drugs work by lowering the levels of estrogen
in a woman's body, side effects that mimic the
adverse effects of menopause including hot flashes,
sleep disturbances, mood changes and vaginal dryness
can occur.
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