A pleural biopsy is surgery to remove a sample of the tissue that lines the lungs and the inside of the chest wall. A specialist uses a microscope to look at the tissue and check for disease or infection.

This test does not have to be done in the hospital. It may be done at a clinic or doctor's office. You will be sitting up for the biopsy. The skin at the biopsy site will be cleansed, and a local numbing drug (anesthetic) will be injected into the skin and into the lining of the lungs and chest wall (pleural membrane).

A larger, hollow needle is then placed through the skin and into the chest cavity. The doctor rotates the needle.  At various times during the procedure, you will be asked to sing, hum, or say "eee." This helps prevent air from getting into the chest cavity, which can cause a pneumothorax (lung collapse).

When the doctor removes the needle, tissue samples are collected. Usually, three biopsy samples are taken. When completed, a bandage is placed over the biopsy site.

Blood tests will be done before the biopsy, and a chest x-ray may also be taken. You must sign consent forms.

With the injection of the local anesthetic, there may be a brief prick and a burning sensation. When the biopsy needle is inserted, you may feel pressure. As the needle is being withdrawn, you may feel a tugging sensation.