Salivary gland biopsy is the removal of a small piece of tissue or cells from a salivary gland for examination.

There are several pairs of salivary glands in different locations: a major pair in front of the ears (parotid glands); two major pair on the floor of the mouth; and several minor pairs within the lips, cheeks, and tongue.

One method of salivary gland biopsy is a needle biopsy. The skin over the gland is scrubbed. A local anesthetic may be injected, and a needle is inserted into the gland. A piece or tissue or cells are removed and sent to a laboratory for examination.

A biopsy can also be done to remove all or part of a salivary gland because of a tumor. An examination of the removed tissue can help to determine the type of tumor.

A biopsy of the glands in the lips can also be performed to diagnose diseases such as Sjogren syndrome.

For a needle biopsy, there is no special preparation, although fasting for a few hours may be advised. For surgical excision of a tumor, preparation is like any major surgery, including fasting for 6 to 8 hours.

During a needle biopsy, there may be some stinging or burning if a local anesthetic is injected. Insertion of the biopsy needle may cause pressure or mild discomfort which should only last for 1 or 2 minutes. Afterward, the area may feel tender or be bruised for a few days.