An upper GI and small bowel series is a set of x-rays taken to examine the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. These x-rays are taken after the patient has swallowed barium, which shows up on x-rays. See also barium enema (lower GI series).

This test may be done in an office or in a hospital radiology department. You will be sitting or standing up while your heart, lungs, and abdomen are examined with a fluoroscope (a type of x-ray that projects images onto a monitor like a TV screen).

You may be given an injection of a medication that will temporarily slow bowel movement, so structures can be more easily seen on the x-rays. You will then be given a drink like a milkshake that has a barium mixture in it. You must drink 16 - 20 oz. for the examination.

The passage of the barium through the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine is monitored on the fluoroscope. Pictures are taken with you in a variety of positions. The test usually takes around three hours. However, in some cases, it may take up to 6 hours to complete.

A GI series may include this test or a barium enema.

You may be given a restricted diet for 2 or 3 days before the test. You will likely be told not to smoke or eat for a period of time before the test. Generally, you can continue medications you take by mouth.

Be sure to check with your health care provider regarding any dietary or medication restrictions before the test. Never stop taking or decrease medications without talking to your health care provider.

Remove all jewelry before the test.

The x-ray causes no discomfort. The barium milkshake feels chalky as you drink it.