A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure to create an opening through the neck into the trachea (windpipe). A tube is usually placed through this opening to provide an airway and to remove secretions from the lungs. This tube is called a tracheostomy tube or trach tube.

General anesthesia is used. The neck is cleaned and draped. Surgical cuts are made to expose the tough cartilage rings that make up the outer wall of the trachea. The surgeon then creates an opening into the trachea and inserts a tracheostomy tube.

A tracheostomy may be done if you have:

• An inherited abnormality of the larynx or trachea
• Cancer of the neck, which can affect breathing
• Severe neck or mouth injuries
• Breathing harmful material such as smoke or steam
• A large object blocking the airway
• Paralysis of the muscles that affect swallowing
• Long-term unconsciousness or coma

The risks for any anesthesia are:

• Reactions to medications
• Problems breathing

• Bleeding
• Infection

• Erosion of the trachea (rare)
• Scar tissue in the trachea