Gastritis is an inflammation (swelling) of the lining of the stomach.

There are many causes of gastritis.

The most common are:

• Alcohol
• Erosion (loss) of the protective layer of the stomach lining
• Infection of the stomach with Helicobacter pylori bacteria
• Medications (such as aspirin or anti-inflammatory drugs)
• Smoking

Less common causes are:

• Autoimmune disorders (such as pernicious anemia)
• Backflow of bile into the stomach (bile reflux)
• Eating or drinking caustic or corrosive substances (such as poisons)
• Excess gastric acid secretion (such as from stress)
• Viral infection, especially in people with a weak immune system

Gastritis can occur suddenly (acute gastritis) or gradually (chronic gastritis).

• Abdominal pain
• Abdominal indigestion
• Dark stools
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Vomiting blood or coffee-ground like material

Tests vary depending on the specific cause. An X-ray of the upper digestive tract, EGD, or other tests may be advised.