Ear barotrauma is a condition of discomfort in the ear caused by pressure differences between the inside and the outside of the eardrum.

The air pressure in the middle ear is usually the same as the air pressure outside of the body. The eustachian tube is a connection between the middle ear and the back of the nose and upper throat. Swallowing or yawning opens the eustachian tube and allows air to flow into or out of the middle ear, equalizing the air pressure on both sides of the eardrum. If the eustachian tube is blocked, the air pressure in the middle ear is different than the pressure on the outside of the eardrum, causing barotrauma.

Many people experience barotrauma at some time. Barotrauma commonly occurs with altitude changes, such as with flying, scuba diving, or driving in the mountains. If you have a congested nose from allergies, colds, or upper respiratory infection, barotrauma is more likely. Blockage of the eustachian tube could also be congenital (present before birth), or may occur because of swelling in the throat.

• Ear discomfort or pain in one or both ears
• Hearing loss, slight
• Sensation of fullness or stuffiness in the ears
• Dizziness

• Hearing loss, moderate to severe
• Feeling of pressure in the ears (as if underwater)
• Nosebleed
• Ear pain

During an inspection of the ear, the doctor may see a slight outward bulge or inward retraction of the eardrum. If the condition is severe, there may be blood behind the eardrum. Severe barotrauma may be difficult to distinguish from ear infection.