Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is cancer of the thyroid gland that starts in cells that release a hormone called calcitonin. Such cells are called "C" cells.
Alternative Names:
Thyroid - medullary carcinoma; Cancer - thyroid (medullary carcinoma); MTC
Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
The cause is unknown. Unlike other types of thyroid cancer, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC) is believed to be related to radiation therapy (a type of cancer treatment).
There are two forms of MTC:
Sporadic MTC does not run in families. The majority of MTCs are sporadic. This form mainly affects older adults.
Inherited MTC runs in families.
You have an increased risk of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid if you have:
A family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)
The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Lymph nodes in the neck may be swollen. Thyroid function tests are usually normal. However, an examination of the thyroid may reveal single or multiple nodules.
Other tests that may be used to diagnose medullary carcinoma of the thyroid include:
Review Date: 10/31/2006
Reviewed By: Rita Nanda, M.D., Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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